{"id":193,"date":"2021-12-02T12:45:12","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:45:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/comets\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:20","slug":"comets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/comets\/","title":{"rendered":"Komety"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Lid\u00e9 v d\u00e1vn\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch se komet b\u00e1li \u2013 v\u011b\u0159ilo se, \u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sm\u016flu nebo p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed katastrofy. Dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee komety jsou mal\u00e9 ledov\u00e9 t\u011blesa, kter\u00e1 zbyla po vzniku planet. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee na okraji Slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy, za ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hou Pluta, existuj\u00ed miliardy komet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina komet je tak mal\u00e1 a tak vzd\u00e1len\u00e1, \u017ee je nevid\u00edme ani v t\u011bch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch dalekohledech. Vid\u00edme je v\u0161ak, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed ke Slunci a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed si ohony z plynu a prachu. (Slovo \u2018kometa\u2019 znamen\u00e1 \u201echlupat\u00e1 hv\u011bzda\u201c.)<\/p>\n

D\u00edky slune\u010dn\u00edmu \u017e\u00e1ru se led prom\u011b\u0148uje v plyn, kter\u00fd proud\u00ed do vesm\u00edru na vzd\u00e1lenost milion\u016f kilometr\u016f. P\u0159es svou d\u00e9lku nejsou prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zrnka p\u00edsku.<\/p>\n

\"Rosetta
Rosetta \u2013 lovkyn\u011b komet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u011bkter\u00fdm komet\u00e1m trv\u00e1 oblet Slunce jen n\u011bkolik let. Jin\u00fdm \u2013 jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Halleyov\u011b komet\u011b \u2013 to trv\u00e1 mnohem d\u00e9le. Dal\u0161\u00ed se objev\u00ed jen jednou a u\u017e je nikdy nikdo nespat\u0159\u00ed. D\u00edky sond\u011b SOHO Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury (ESA) byly objeveny tis\u00edce mal\u00fdch komet, kter\u00e9 prol\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi bl\u00edzko Slunce. Mnoh\u00e9 z nich se sraz\u00ed se Sluncem nebo jsou roztrh\u00e1ny jeho silnou gravitac\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V roce 2014 se evropsk\u00e1 sonda Rosetta zap\u00ed\u0161e do historie t\u00edm, \u017ee se dostane na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu kolem komety a vysad\u00ed na jej\u00edm povrchu p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00ed modul.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ancient people were afraid of comets \u2013 they were said to bring bad luck or foretell disaster. We now know that comets are small ice worlds that have been left […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/giotto_s_art_shows_a_comet_in_the_background2\/17913109-2-eng-GB\/Giotto_s_art_shows_a_comet_in_the_background.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Giotto's art shows a comet in the background","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/Giotto_s_art_shows_a_comet_in_the_background2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[46,10,11],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-comets-and-meteors","category-learn","category-our-universe","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=193"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4350,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193\/revisions\/4350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=193"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}