{"id":181,"date":"2021-12-02T12:51:04","date_gmt":"2021-12-02T11:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/spacecraft_astronomers_use_esa_space_telescope_to_find_missing_matter\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:12","slug":"spacecraft_astronomers_use_esa_space_telescope_to_find_missing_matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/spacecraft_astronomers_use_esa_space_telescope_to_find_missing_matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomov\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled ESA k hled\u00e1n\u00ed chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed hmoty"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

V\u0161echno, co ve vesm\u00edru vid\u00edme \u2013 hv\u011bzdy, planety a dokonce i lidi \u2013 je tvo\u0159eno druhem hmoty zvan\u00fdm baryony. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st baryon\u016f ve vesm\u00edru chyb\u00ed, a jejich vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Skupina astronom\u016f pomoc\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu ESA s n\u00e1zvem XMM-Newton pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tuto kosmickou z\u00e1hadu vy\u0159e\u0161it!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

D\u00edky studiu takzvan\u00e9ho kosmick\u00e9ho mikrovlnn\u00e9ho pozad\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje nejstar\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btlo poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z doby pouh\u00fdch 380 000 let po Velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku, v\u00edme, kolik baryon\u016f by ve vesm\u00edru m\u011blo b\u00fdt. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u0161echny baryony jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny po dobu n\u011bkolika miliard let, ale pak asi polovina z nich zmiz\u00ed!<\/p>\n

\"Spider
Pavou\u010d\u00ed smysly<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Fabrizio Nicastro je jedn\u00edm z v\u011bdc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed tuto h\u00e1danku vy\u0159e\u0161it. Vysv\u011btluje: \u201cChyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed baryony p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch tajemstv\u00ed modern\u00ed astrofyziky. V\u00edme, \u017ee tato hmota n\u011bkde mus\u00ed b\u00fdt, vid\u00edme ji v ran\u00e9m vesm\u00edru, ale pak ji u\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eeme zachytit. Kam se pod\u011bla?\u201d<\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e se se\u010detly v\u0161echny hv\u011bzdy a plyn ve vesm\u00edru spolu se v\u0161\u00edm ostatn\u00edm, co astronomov\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali naj\u00edt, st\u00e1le chyb\u011blo 40% baryon\u016f. Ti se opravdu um\u00ed dob\u0159e schov\u00e1vat! Fabrizio a jeho p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 se rozhodli k p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed dalekohled: XMM-Newton agentury ESA. Tento dalekohled se nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru a pozoruje rentgenov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nam\u00edsto b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, kter\u00e9 vid\u00ed na\u0161e o\u010di.<\/p>\n

Odv\u00e1\u017en\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 vyu\u017eili satelit XMM-Newton k pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed kvasaru, co\u017e je mohutn\u00e1 galaxie s supermasivn\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edrou v jej\u00edm st\u0159edu, kter\u00e1 vtahuje hmotu a vyza\u0159uje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed! Pe\u010dliv\u00fdm studiem dat objevili stopy kysl\u00edku ukryt\u00e9 ve vesm\u00edru mezi n\u00e1mi a kvasarem. To jsme dosud nikdy nemohli pozorovat! Fabrizio vysv\u011btluje: \u201cNach\u00e1zej\u00ed se tam obrovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby hmoty \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b kysl\u00edku \u2013 a to p\u0159esn\u011b v takov\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed, jak\u00e9 jsme o\u010dek\u00e1vali, tak\u017ee kone\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017eeme zaplnit mezeru v baryonov\u00e9 bilanci vesm\u00edru.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Detecting
Detekce tepl\u00e9ho a\u017e hork\u00e9ho mezihv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed baryony se skr\u00fdvaly v jak\u00e9si hork\u00e9 mlze, kter\u00e1 se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 v prostoru mezi galaxiemi na vzd\u00e1lenost stovek tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Z\u00e1hada byla vy\u0159e\u0161ena a astronomov\u00e9 se nyn\u00ed mohou pustit do studia t\u011bchto baryon\u016f, aby o nich zjistili v\u00edce!<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost:<\/b> A\u010dkoli baryonov\u00e1 hmota tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u0161e, co vid\u00edme, p\u0159edstavuje pouze 5% ve\u0161ker\u00e9 hmoty ve vesm\u00edru! Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 temn\u00e1 hmota tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25% a temn\u00e1 energie p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70%.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Everything we see in space, such as stars, planets and even people, is made from a type of matter called baryons. However, a lot of the baryons in the Universe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2018\/07\/xmm-newton\/17910751-2-eng-GB\/XMM-Newton.jpg","esa_banner_description":"XMM-Newton","esa_banner_credit":"ESA-C. Carreau","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2018\/07\/XMM-Newton","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=181"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4345,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181\/revisions\/4345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}