{"id":170,"date":"2022-02-01T11:29:34","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T10:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/space_debris_space_junk\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:25:04","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:25:04","slug":"space_debris_space_junk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/space_debris_space_junk\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m. N\u011bkter\u00e9 jeho \u010d\u00e1sti jsou velmi velk\u00e9, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad vyho\u0159el\u00e9 stupn\u011b raket, nefunk\u010dn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b a n\u011bkolik n\u00e1stroj\u016f ztracen\u00fdch b\u011bhem v\u00fdstup\u016f do vesm\u00edru. V\u011bt\u0161inu v\u0161ak tvo\u0159\u00ed mnohem men\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Sr\u00e1\u017eky s velk\u00fdmi kusy vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu mohou vy\u0159adit z provozu nebo dokonce zni\u010dit kosmickou lo\u010f, jak se to stalo v roce 1996 francouzsk\u00e9 sond\u011b Cerise. I men\u0161\u00ed \u00falomky mohou zp\u016fsobit zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody nebo ohrozit astronauta prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdstup do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e byly v roce 2002 slune\u010dn\u00ed panely Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu p\u0159ivezeny zp\u011bt na Zemi, byly poset\u00e9 n\u00e1razov\u00fdmi kr\u00e1tery o pr\u016fm\u011bru a\u017e 8 mm.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b teleskopy a radary sleduj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 000 kus\u016f vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu o velikosti a\u017e 10 cm. Mnoho milion\u016f kus\u016f je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00fdch na to, aby je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 zaznamenat, nap\u0159\u00edklad kousky barvy a prachu.<\/p>\n

Za norm\u00e1ln\u00edch okolnost\u00ed by to nep\u0159edstavovalo \u017e\u00e1dnou hrozbu, ale ve vesm\u00edru se \u00falomky pohybuj\u00ed vysokou rychlost\u00ed. I prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice se chovaj\u00ed jako drobn\u00e9 kulky. ESA \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Laborato\u0159 Columbus na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici je chr\u00e1n\u011bna speci\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtem.<\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 centrum kosmick\u00fdch operac\u00ed (ESOC) velmi pe\u010dliv\u011b sleduje vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu 1metrov\u00fd dalekohled na Kan\u00e1rsk\u00fdch ostrovech a radarov\u00fd syst\u00e9m um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd v N\u011bmecku. Mikroskopick\u00fd odpad je nav\u00edc monitorov\u00e1n satelitem Proba-1 agentury ESA a experimentem ESA na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici.
D\u00edky t\u011bmto informac\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee ESOC poskytovat doporu\u010den\u00ed ohledn\u011b toho, kdy by m\u011bla b\u00fdt kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f p\u0159esunuta na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu. Tyto informace tak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed k v\u010dasn\u00e9mu varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed velk\u00fdmi objekty, kter\u00e9 se chystaj\u00ed vstoupit zp\u011bt do atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Space junk is a major problem. Some of it is very large, such as burnt-out rocket stages, dead spacecraft, and a few tools lost during spacewalks. However, most of it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2001\/03\/space_debris2\/17864602-3-eng-GB\/Space_debris.gif","esa_banner_description":"Space debris","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2001\/03\/Space_debris2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,48,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-space-debris","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1313,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/170\/revisions\/1313"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=170"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}