{"id":145,"date":"2023-06-09T11:20:47","date_gmt":"2023-06-09T09:20:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_james_webb_space_telescope_reveals_the_cosmos_like_never_before\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:24:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:24:45","slug":"the_james_webb_space_telescope_reveals_the_cosmos_like_never_before","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/the_james_webb_space_telescope_reveals_the_cosmos_like_never_before\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled Jamese Webba odhaluje vesm\u00edr tak, jak jsme ho dosud neznali"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tento\u00a0Kosmick\u00fd dalekohled Jamese Webba<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 zkr\u00e1cen\u011b Webb \u2013 je \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 observato\u0159! Webb byl vypu\u0161t\u011bn na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu na konci roku 2021 a nyn\u00ed pozoruje vesm\u00edr v infra\u010derven\u00e9m z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho stanovi\u0161t\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,5 milionu kilometr\u016f od Zem\u011b. D\u00edky tomu dok\u00e1\u017ee Webb zachytit detaily, kter\u00e9 nelze spat\u0159it pouh\u00fdm okem ani pomoc\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f na Zemi. Webb, jeho\u017e stavbu a provoz zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed NASA, ESA a Kanadsk\u00e1 kosmick\u00e1 agentura, n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 naj\u00edt odpov\u011bdi na mnoho ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me ohledn\u011b vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

Webb\u016fv nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev!<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev teleskopu Webb ohromil v\u011bdce! Teleskop Webb pozoroval kometu 238P\/Read, objekt ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v hlavn\u00edm p\u00e1su asteroid\u016f mezi Marsem a Jupiterem, a v spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed signatu\u0159e komety zachytil n\u011bco velmi v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho \u2013 vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru!\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Voda uvnit\u0159 komety vznikla u\u017e p\u0159ed velmi, velmi dlouhou dobou, kdy\u017e byla na\u0161e slune\u010dn\u00ed soustava je\u0161t\u011b velmi mlad\u00e1, a v komet\u011b se zachovala po tis\u00edce let. Zmrzl\u00fd materi\u00e1l v komet\u011b se vypa\u0159uje, kdy\u017e se kometa p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke Slunci, a t\u00edm vznik\u00e1 jej\u00ed charakteristick\u00e1 koma \u2013 rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fd oblak prachu a plynu, kter\u00fd ji obklopuje \u2013 a t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se ohon.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

V \u010dem spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00fdjime\u010dnost tohoto objevu? V\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee v hlavn\u00edm p\u00e1su asteroid\u016f by se mohl vyskytovat vodn\u00ed led, av\u0161ak a\u017e do ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho objevu teleskopu Webb chyb\u011bl jasn\u00fd d\u016fkaz. Kometa Read n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci pochopit, jak je voda rozlo\u017eena v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b, a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o tom, jak se Zem\u011b stala sv\u011btem pln\u00fdm vody, jak\u00fdm je dnes. Tyto poznatky pak m\u016f\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edt k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, zda by se v jin\u00fdch planet\u00e1rn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech mohly vyvinout nov\u00e9 planety podobn\u00e9 Zemi.\u00a0<\/p>\n

To jeice velmi vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed, ale jedna v\u011bc v\u011bdc\u016fm ned\u00e1v\u00e1 sp\u00e1t: u komet obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch vodu se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee obsahuj\u00ed i oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd, av\u0161ak na komet\u011b Read nebyl \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nalezen! D\u016fvod tohoto jevu je nyn\u00ed novou z\u00e1hadou, kterou by mohly vy\u0159e\u0161it dal\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed komet z hlavn\u00edho p\u00e1su.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tento nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objev navazuje na \u00fasp\u011bchy teleskopu Webb, kter\u00fd p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed \u00fachvatn\u00e9 sn\u00edmky a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky. Zde je n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f teleskopu Webb!\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kosmick\u00e9 \u00fatesy v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Cariny <\/h2>\n
\"Cosmic
Kosmick\u00e9 \u00fatesy v souhv\u011bzd\u00ed Cariny \u2013 NIRCam<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tento \u00fachvatn\u00fd pohled zachycuje okraj mlhoviny Carina, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 od Zem\u011b 7 600 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Jedn\u00e1 se o obrovsk\u00fd oblak plynu a prachu, v n\u011bm\u017e vznikaj\u00ed mlad\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. Vid\u00edte tu sv\u011btle modrou \u201cp\u00e1ru\u201d, kter\u00e1 stoup\u00e1 z oran\u017eov\u011b zbarven\u00e9 mlhoviny? Jedn\u00e1 se ve skute\u010dnosti o hork\u00fd plyn a prach, kter\u00fd je z mlhoviny odn\u00e1\u0161en siln\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm vyza\u0159ovan\u00fdm mlad\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdami.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pil\u00ed\u0159e stvo\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n
\"Webb's
Webb\u016fv sn\u00edmek \u201eSloupy stvo\u0159en\u00ed\u201c (NIRCam)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tento p\u016fsobiv\u00fd sn\u00edmek zachycuje dal\u0161\u00ed oblast vesm\u00edru, kde vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. Tyto nov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy vyza\u0159uj\u00ed proudy do okoln\u00edho plynu a prachu, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159iv\u011b karm\u00ednov\u00e9 \u00fatvary p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1vu na okraj\u00edch sloup\u016f mlhoviny. Studiem sn\u00edmk\u016f, jako je tento, se astronomov\u00e9 dozv\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u00edce o tom, jak hv\u011bzdy vznikaj\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Prstence Uranu<\/h2>\n
\"Zoomed-in
Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd sn\u00edmek Uranu (s popisky)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Saturn je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi prstenci, ale v\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee v\u0161echny plynn\u00e9 obry v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b maj\u00ed prstencov\u00e9 soustavy? Tato fotografie Uranu po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 teleskopem Webb ukazuje mnoho prstenc\u016f kolem t\u00e9to planety. Jsou zde tak\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 skvrny, kter\u00e9 odhaluj\u00ed mraky souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s bou\u0159liv\u00fdm po\u010das\u00edm v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e Uranu. Webb dokonce zachytil pol\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010depi\u010dku na Uranu \u2013 ta v\u0161ak nen\u00ed tvo\u0159ena vodn\u00edm ledem jako na Zemi!\u00a0<\/p>\n

Fantomov\u00e1 galaxie<\/h2>\n
\"Phantom
Phantom Galaxy nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d spektrem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

U\u017e jste n\u011bkdy vid\u011bli takovou galaxii? Tento \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd sn\u00edmek galaxie M74 vznikl spojen\u00edm infra\u010derven\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f z teleskopu Webb s daty z Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho teleskopu. \u010cerven\u00e9 barvy zn\u00e1zor\u0148uj\u00ed prach rozprost\u0159en\u00fd po ramenech galaxie. Sv\u011btlej\u0161\u00ed oran\u017eov\u00e9 barvy p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed prach, kter\u00fd je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b hork\u00fd. Mlad\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy se jev\u00ed modr\u00e9, zat\u00edmco star\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzdy pobl\u00ed\u017e st\u0159edu galaxie maj\u00ed azurovou a zelenou barvu. Vid\u00edte n\u011bjak\u00e9 r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9 bubliny? Jsou to oblasti, kde se rod\u00ed nov\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy!\u00a0<\/p>\n

Prezentace Jupiteru<\/h2>\n
\"Jupiter
Jupiter ukazuje pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159e a opary (\u0161iroko\u00fahl\u00fd sn\u00edmek z kamery NIRCam \u2013 s popisky)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jupiter je pln\u00fd \u017eivota! D\u00edky infra\u010derven\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm zachytil teleskop Webb mnoho detail\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pomoc\u00ed jin\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f t\u011b\u017eko viditeln\u00e9. Lze tak pozorovat Jupiterovy bou\u0159e v neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch detailech, stejn\u011b jako severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159i \u2013 jev, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m \u010d\u00e1stice ze Slunce interaguj\u00ed s Jupiterov\u00fdm magnetick\u00fdm polem. Webb\u016fv teleskop tak\u00e9 zachytil dva z men\u0161\u00edch Jupiterov\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Amalthea a Adrastea. Dok\u00e1\u017eete tak\u00e9 zahl\u00e9dnout slab\u00e9 Jupiterovy prstence? Jsou milionkr\u00e1t slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e1 planeta!\u00a0<\/p>\n

Toto je jen v\u00fdb\u011br z \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Webb po\u0159\u00eddil. V budoucnu jist\u011b po\u0159\u00edd\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch, proto\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed objevy a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odhalovat tajemstv\u00ed vesm\u00edru. V\u0161echny sn\u00edmky z Webbova teleskopu si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout zde<\/a>. Kter\u00e9 z nich m\u00e1te nejrad\u011bji?\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmavost: <\/b>Kometa Read je kometa hlavn\u00edho p\u00e1su. Jedn\u00e1 se o t\u011bleso v hlavn\u00edm asteroidov\u00e9m p\u00e1su mezi Marsem a Jupiterem, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak n\u011bkdy vykazuje halo neboli komu a ocas podobn\u011b jako kometa.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The\u00a0James Webb Space Telescope\u00a0\u2013 or Webb for short \u2013 is a high-tech observatory in space! Webb launched into orbit at the end of 2021, and now observes the universe in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2023\/03\/wolf-rayet_124_nircam_and_miri_composite_image\/24749635-1-eng-GB\/Wolf-Rayet_124_NIRCam_and_MIRI_composite_image.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Wolf-Rayet 124 (NIRCam and MIRI composite image)","esa_banner_credit":"NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Webb ERO Production Team","esa_banner_licence":"CC BY 4.0 INT or ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2023\/03\/Wolf-Rayet_124_NIRCam_and_MIRI_composite_image","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4319,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145\/revisions\/4319"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=145"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}