{"id":1140,"date":"2004-11-19T09:43:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/sailing_through_space\/"},"modified":"2026-10-09T11:30:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T09:30:53","slug":"sailing_through_space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/sailing_through_space\/","title":{"rendered":"Plavba vesm\u00edrem"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Dosud se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mise spol\u00e9haly na raketov\u00e9 motory poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 chemick\u00fdm palivem. Ty v\u0161ak bohu\u017eel nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu startovn\u00ed hmotnosti sondy Rosetta agentury ESA tvo\u0159ilo palivo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

ESA nyn\u00ed zkoum\u00e1 mo\u017enosti, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159epravovan\u00e9ho paliva. Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1vrh\u016f je iontov\u00fd motor, kter\u00fd pomoc\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho \u2018d\u011bla\u2019 vyst\u0159eluje plyn do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli je tah motoru vp\u0159ed velmi slab\u00fd, rychlost se postupn\u011b zvy\u0161uje. Nakonec to kosmick\u00e9 lodi umo\u017en\u00ed let\u011bt velmi rychle.<\/p>\n

\"Artist's
Um\u011bleck\u00e1 p\u0159edstava sondy SMART-1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sonda SMART-1 na sv\u00e9 cest\u011b k M\u011bs\u00edci \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b otestovala iontov\u00fd motor. Tento motor vyvinul na ka\u017ed\u00fd kilogram spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9ho paliva desetkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tah ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00fd raketov\u00fd motor.<\/p>\n

ESA se rovn\u011b\u017e zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumem kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00edsto motor\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed plachty. Slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo dopadaj\u00edc\u00ed na velkou, zrcadlovou plachtu bude schopno poh\u00e1n\u011bt kosmickou lo\u010f sm\u011brem k jin\u00fdm planet\u00e1m. Po mnoha m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch by takov\u00e1 kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f mohla dos\u00e1hnout rychlosti 360 000 km\/h.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak u\u0161et\u0159it palivo a sn\u00ed\u017eit hmotnost, je zpomalen\u00ed letem horn\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou planety. ESA pl\u00e1nuje vyrobit kosmickou lo\u010f, kter\u00e1 se pomoc\u00ed t\u00e9to metody \u2018aerocapture\u2019 dostane na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Marsu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Until now, nearly all space missions have used rocket motors that feed on chemical fuel. Unfortunately, these are not very efficient. For example, over half the launch weight of ESA’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2003\/04\/close-up_view_of_smart-1_s_stationary_plasma_thruster2\/17900310-2-eng-GB\/Close-up_view_of_SMART-1_s_stationary_plasma_thruster.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Close-up view of SMART-1's stationary plasma thruster","esa_banner_credit":"ESA 2002. Illustration by Medialab.","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2003\/04\/Close-up_view_of_SMART-1_s_stationary_plasma_thruster2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,44,40],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-spacecraft","category-technology","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1140"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4867,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions\/4867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}