{"id":1139,"date":"2004-11-19T09:40:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-19T08:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/new_transport\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:27","slug":"new_transport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/new_transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 doprava"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Vesm\u00edr je obrovsk\u00fd. Cesta na M\u011bs\u00edc \u2013 na\u0161eho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho souseda \u2013 trv\u00e1 s pou\u017eit\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch raket t\u0159i dny. Cesty na Mars, k asteroid\u016fm a k vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm planet\u00e1m by trvaly mnoho m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f \u010di dokonce let.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

B\u011bhem dlouh\u00fdch let\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zhor\u0161en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu a fyzick\u00e9 kondice astronaut\u016f v d\u016fsledku vystaven\u00ed radiaci a bezt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9mu stavu. Dlouh\u00e9 mise tak\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vzduchu, vody a potravin a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko, \u017ee se n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed. Jak ale lze tyto mise zkr\u00e1tit?<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti raketov\u00fdch motor\u016f. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i z ESA ji\u017e sestrojili elektrick\u00fd pohonn\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro misi SMART-1 na M\u011bs\u00edc. Elektromotory jsou mnohem men\u0161\u00ed a leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 motory. A\u010dkoli spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b paliva, jsou schopny dos\u00e1hnout vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstupn\u00ed rychlosti \u2013 tedy rychlosti, kterou plyn z motoru vyst\u0159eluje do vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky elekt\u0159in\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 ze slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho na \u2018k\u0159\u00eddla\u2019 tvo\u0159en\u00e1 sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi \u010dl\u00e1nky mohou postupn\u011b zvy\u0161ovat rychlost kosmick\u00e9 lodi, a\u017e dos\u00e1hne mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rychlosti ne\u017e chemick\u00e1 raketa.<\/p>\n

Pro mise do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch oblast\u00ed od Slunce budou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jadern\u00e9 motory. S pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto motor\u016f by nakonec mohlo b\u00fdt mo\u017en\u00e9 dolet\u011bt na Mars za pouh\u00fdch n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Space is vast. A trip to the Moon – our neighbour in space \u2013 will take three days using normal chemical rockets. Journeys to Mars, the asteroids and the outer […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/smart-1_showing_off_ion_engine2\/17872705-2-eng-GB\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine.jpg","esa_banner_description":"SMART-1 showing off ion engine","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/SMART-1_showing_off_ion_engine2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[62,10,13],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-exploration","category-learn","category-life-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1139"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2282,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1139\/revisions\/2282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1139"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}