{"id":1127,"date":"2004-11-15T12:50:00","date_gmt":"2004-11-15T11:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/the_sun\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:36:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:36:18","slug":"the_sun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/the_sun\/","title":{"rendered":"The Sun"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje zvan\u00e9 spektrografy n\u00e1m ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Slunce se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b ze dvou plyn\u016f \u2013 vod\u00edku a helia. Teplota na jeho povrchu \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 500 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia \u2013 je to v\u00edce ne\u017e dvacetkr\u00e1t teplej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e trouba nastaven\u00e1 na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed teplotu. V j\u00e1dru teplota stoup\u00e1 a\u017e na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 milion\u016f stup\u0148\u016f Celsia a plyn je stla\u010den na hustotu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b desetkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e m\u00e1 olovo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

P\u0159i tak vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a tlac\u00edch se Slunce st\u00e1v\u00e1 jadern\u00fdm reaktorem, v n\u011bm\u017e se vod\u00edk p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje na helium. Sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159itom vznikaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e1 mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. To se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na povrch ve form\u011b viditeln\u00e9ho, infra\u010derven\u00e9ho a ultrafialov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla a rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017edou hodinu vyvrhuje Slunce do vesm\u00edru miliardu tun plynu rychlost\u00ed a\u017e 2 miliony km za hodinu. I p\u0159esto je Slunce tak hmotn\u00e9, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee ho\u0159et je\u0161t\u011b miliardy let.<\/p>\n

\"Mysterious<\/figure>\n

Slunce se ka\u017ed\u00fdch 11 let st\u00e1v\u00e1 aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. V t\u011bchto obdob\u00edch se na jeho povrchu zvy\u0161uje po\u010det tmav\u00fdch slune\u010dn\u00edch skvrn. Na vrcholu slune\u010dn\u00edho cyklu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fdch slune\u010dn\u00edch bou\u0159\u00ed. B\u011bhem posledn\u00edho slune\u010dn\u00edho maxima v roce 2001 vymr\u0161tilo mnoho slune\u010dn\u00edch erupc\u00ed a koron\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdron\u016f hmoty do vesm\u00edru miliardy tun materi\u00e1lu vysokou rychlost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pokud se tyto bou\u0159e vydaj\u00ed sm\u011brem k Zemi, mohou m\u00edt z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. Mohou zp\u016fsobit v\u00fdpadky elekt\u0159iny, po\u0161kodit satelity a naru\u0161it komunika\u010dn\u00ed a naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. Jsou tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou pol\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u2013 obecn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jako severn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed sv\u011btla.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Special instruments known as spectrographs tell us that the Sun is made almost entirely of two gases, hydrogen and helium. The temperature at its surface is about 5 500 degrees […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2004\/11\/the_sun2\/17874148-2-eng-GB\/The_Sun.jpg","esa_banner_description":"The Sun","esa_banner_credit":"SOHO\/EIT (ESA & NASA)","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2004\/11\/The_Sun2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,35],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-the-sun","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1127"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4862,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1127\/revisions\/4862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1127"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}