{"id":1092,"date":"2009-04-06T09:32:00","date_gmt":"2009-04-06T07:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:56","slug":"esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/esa_s_space_observatories_to_explore_the_early_universe\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 observato\u0159e ESA budou zkoumat ran\u00fd vesm\u00edr"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"lede\">\n<p>Astronomov\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b s nap\u011bt\u00edm o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed start rakety Ariane 5, kter\u00e1 ponese dv\u011b pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 dru\u017eice Evropsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 agentury (ESA) pojmenovan\u00e9 po slavn\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u00edch: Planck a Herschel. Jako stroje \u010dasu 21. stolet\u00ed se tyto \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 observato\u0159e ohl\u00e9dnou do minulosti a pomohou v\u011bdc\u016fm odhalit tajemstv\u00ed vzniku hv\u011bzd, galaxi\u00ed a samotn\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Herschel bude nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm dalekohledem, jak\u00fd byl kdy vypu\u0161t\u011bn do vesm\u00edru. Jeho srdcem je hlavn\u00ed zrcadlo o \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 3,5 m \u2013 kter\u00e9 je mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ale leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e zrcadlo pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 Hubbleov\u00fdm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm dalekohledem. Tato 3,4 tuny v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed observato\u0159 je pojmenov\u00e1na po n\u011bmecko-britsk\u00e9m astronomovi Williamu Herschelovi, kter\u00fd se zapsal do d\u011bjin objevem neviditeln\u00e9ho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed (kter\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1me jako teplo) v roce 1800. T\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstroje na modern\u00edm teleskopu Herschel budou po dobu nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159\u00ed let zkoumat mraky studen\u00e9ho prachu, kde se rod\u00ed hv\u011bzdy, a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 galaxie, kter\u00e9 siln\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v infra\u010derven\u00e9m spektru.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" data-width=\"2068\" data-credit=\"ESA\/Thales\" data-detail-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/03\/Planck_telescope2\" data-licence=\"ESA Standard Licence\" data-licence-url=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Terms_and_conditions_of_use_of_images_and_videos_available_on_the_esa_website\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" style=\"max-width:100%;height:auto\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/03\/planck_telescope2\/17872743-2-eng-GB\/Planck_telescope.jpg\" alt=\"Planck telescope\"><figcaption>Planck\u016fv teleskop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Vedle sondy Herschel bude ob\u00edhat satelit, jeho\u017e \u00fakolem je nahl\u00e9dnout zp\u011bt do po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f \u010dasu. Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f o hmotnosti 1 900 kg, pojmenovan\u00e1 na po\u010dest n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho fyzika Maxe Plancka, bude zkoumat slab\u00e9 ozv\u011bny, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstaly po zrozen\u00ed vesm\u00edru p\u0159i Velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku. Tyto ozv\u011bny se projevuj\u00ed jako teplotn\u00ed odchylky v \u0159\u00e1du n\u011bkolika miliontin stupn\u011b. Aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 toto neviditeln\u00e9 mikrovlnn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed detekovat a zmapovat, budou muset b\u00fdt oba detektory sondy Planck ochlazeny na teplotu -273 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. B\u011bhem obdob\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 15 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f bude hlavn\u00ed zrcadlo observato\u0159e o pr\u016fm\u011bru 1,5 m zachycovat toto extr\u00e9mn\u011b slab\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zah\u00e1jilo svou cestu k Zemi p\u0159ed zhruba 14 miliardami let.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Astronomers around the world are eagerly awaiting the launch of an Ariane 5 rocket carrying two groundbreaking ESA satellites named after famous European scientists: Planck and Herschel. Like 21st century [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/03\/artist_concept_of_the_herschel_spacecraft2\/17878959-2-eng-GB\/Artist_concept_of_the_Herschel_spacecraft.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Artist concept of the Herschel spacecraft","esa_banner_credit":"ESA \u2013 D. 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