{"id":1047,"date":"2010-06-30T07:54:00","date_gmt":"2010-06-30T05:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/weightless_experiments_help_industries_on_earth\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:35:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:35:16","slug":"weightless_experiments_help_industries_on_earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/weightless_experiments_help_industries_on_earth\/","title":{"rendered":"Experimenty ve stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm odv\u011btv\u00edm na Zemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Typick\u00fd pobyt na palub\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice (ISS) trv\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Jak ale \u010dlenov\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u010das, kdy\u017e jsou tam naho\u0159e? Zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed zab\u00edr\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed experiment\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly m\u00edt praktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed na Zemi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 stanice (ISS) je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed laborato\u0159\u00ed, jak\u00e1 kdy byla vysl\u00e1na do vesm\u00edru. D\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u011b vybaven\u00fdm modul\u016fm, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad laborato\u0159 Columbus agentury ESA, mohou v\u011bdci zkoumat \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu t\u00e9mat ve zcela v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde vl\u00e1dne stav bezt\u00ed\u017ee. Na Zemi gravitace v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje v\u0161e, co d\u011bl\u00e1me, ale kdy\u017e jej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky zmiz\u00ed, d\u011bj\u00ed se velmi podivn\u00e9 v\u011bci.<\/p>\n

\"A
Plamen v mikrogravitaci<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jsme zvykl\u00ed vn\u00edmat plamen sv\u00ed\u010dky jako ku\u017eelovit\u00fd. \u0160pi\u010dat\u00fd tvar plamene vznik\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee hork\u00e9 plyny stoupaj\u00ed vzh\u016fru, proto\u017ee jsou leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e chladn\u00fd vzduch, kter\u00fd je obklopuje. Tento chladn\u00fd vzduch je nas\u00e1v\u00e1n do spodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti knotu sv\u00ed\u010dky a dod\u00e1v\u00e1 kysl\u00edk pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k ho\u0159en\u00ed vosku. Ve stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee v\u0161ak hork\u00fd plyn nen\u00ed leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e chladn\u00fd vzduch, a proto nestoup\u00e1. V\u00fdsledkem je mal\u00fd, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neviditeln\u00fd, kulat\u00fd plamen. Samotn\u00e9 ho\u0159en\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 pouze na povrchu plamene, kde se palivo ze sv\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e9ho vosku m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edsit s kysl\u00edkem z okoln\u00edho vzduchu.<\/p>\n

V\u011bdci se mohou mnoho nau\u010dit t\u00edm, \u017ee budou studovat, jak v\u011bci ho\u0159\u00ed ve stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee. Tyto poznatky lze pak vyu\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed automobilov\u00fdch nebo leteck\u00fdch motor\u016f, kter\u00e9 spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b paliva a produkuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zaj\u00edmavou oblast\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu je m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed kapalin. Mnoh\u00e9 kovy, kter\u00e9 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, jsou slitiny \u2013 sm\u011bsi dvou nebo v\u00edce kov\u016f. Slitiny se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed roztaven\u00edm kov\u016f tak, aby se navz\u00e1jem prom\u00edchaly. Na Zemi m\u00e1 gravitace velk\u00fd vliv na to, jak se r\u016fzn\u00e9 tekut\u00e9 kovy spojuj\u00ed, ale ve vesm\u00edru je m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Experimenty v bezt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch n\u00e1m o tomto procesu p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed mnoho poznatk\u016f, d\u00edky nim\u017e lze na Zemi vyr\u00e1b\u011bt lep\u0161\u00ed slitiny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A typical stay on board the International Space Station (ISS) lasts about six months. But how do the crew members occupy their time while they are up there? Quite a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2009\/10\/de_winne_with_the_foam_stability_experiment2\/17897422-2-eng-GB\/De_Winne_with_the_Foam_Stability_experiment.jpg","esa_banner_description":"","esa_banner_credit":"NASA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2009\/10\/De_Winne_with_the_Foam_Stability_experiment2","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,13,63],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-1047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-life-in-space","category-living-in-space","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1047"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4816,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1047\/revisions\/4816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=1047"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=1047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}