{"id":10,"date":"2026-05-13T17:41:12","date_gmt":"2026-05-13T15:41:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/can_there_be_another_earth\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:23:04","modified_gmt":"2026-10-07T22:23:04","slug":"can_there_be_another_earth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/can_there_be_another_earth\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u016f\u017ee existovat je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e1 jin\u00e1 Zem\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u00edme, \u017ee v na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b je osm planet, ale v\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee astronomov\u00e9 objevili tis\u00edce planet mimo na\u0161i slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavu? \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim extrasol\u00e1rn\u00ed planety, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b exoplanety.  <\/p>\n

Z v\u0161ech t\u011bchto planet je v\u0161ak zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pouze jedna, na kter\u00e9 existuje \u017eivot: Zem\u011b. Co kdy\u017e ale Zem\u011b nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm sv\u011btem sv\u00e9ho druhu? Co kdy\u017e tam venku existuj\u00ed i jin\u00e9 planety s oce\u00e1ny, atmosf\u00e9rou a podm\u00ednkami vhodn\u00fdmi pro \u017eivot? <\/p>\n

Toto je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 je hnac\u00edm motorem mise Plato: existuje ve vesm\u00edru je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e1 planeta podobn\u00e1 Zemi?<\/p>\n

Co vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdraz \u201cpodobn\u00fd Zemi\u201d?<\/h2>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u011bdci hovo\u0159\u00ed o planet\u011b \u201cpodobn\u00e9 Zemi\u201d, nemaj\u00ed na mysli jej\u00ed dokonalou kopii. Hledaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e kombinaci kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed: skalnat\u00fd povrch nam\u00edsto plynn\u00e9ho obra, velikost a hmotnost podobn\u00e9 Zemi a spr\u00e1vnou vzd\u00e1lenost od sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy.  <\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento posledn\u00ed faktor je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd, proto\u017ee ur\u010duje teplotu. Je-li planeta p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 bl\u00edzko, m\u016f\u017ee se z n\u00ed st\u00e1t spaluj\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt. Je-li p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko, mohla by zamrznout. Mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma extr\u00e9my v\u0161ak le\u017e\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e1 oblast, kde by podm\u00ednky mohly b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b ty spr\u00e1vn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Obyvateln\u00e1 z\u00f3na: ani p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 hork\u00e1, ani p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 chladn\u00e1<\/h2>\n

Astronomov\u00e9 tuto oblast naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed obyvatelnou z\u00f3nou, \u010dasto p\u0159ezd\u00edvanou tak\u00e9 \u201ez\u00f3nou Goldilocks\u201c. V t\u00e9to oblasti by teploty mohly umo\u017e\u0148ovat existenci kapaln\u00e9 vody na povrchu planety. A voda je jednou z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slo\u017eek \u017eivota, jak jej zn\u00e1me. <\/p>\n

To, \u017ee se planeta nach\u00e1z\u00ed v obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je skute\u010dn\u011b obyvateln\u00e1. Planeta m\u016f\u017ee postr\u00e1dat atmosf\u00e9ru, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt toxickou atmosf\u00e9ru nebo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vystavena extr\u00e9mn\u00edmu z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. To, \u017ee se planeta nach\u00e1z\u00ed v obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, je tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e prvn\u00ed vod\u00edtkem k nalezen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed Zem\u011b ne\u017e kone\u010dnou odpov\u011bd\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\"Comparing

<\/p>\n

Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3ny u Slunce a TRAPPIST-1<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bt\u016f podobn\u00fdch Zemi<\/h2>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b zde vstupuje do hry mise Plato agentury ESA. Tento \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled je navr\u017een tak, aby vyhled\u00e1val planety podobn\u00e9 velikosti Zem\u011b, ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed kolem hv\u011bzd podobn\u00fdch na\u0161emu Slunci a nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b sv\u00fdch hv\u011bzd.  <\/p>\n

D\u00edky pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed nepatrn\u00fdch pokles\u016f hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho sv\u011btla, ke kter\u00fdm doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e planety proch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdami, dok\u00e1\u017ee sonda Plato objevovat nov\u00e9 sv\u011bty a m\u011b\u0159it jejich velikost i ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. Krom\u011b toho bude sonda Plato studovat hv\u011bzdy podobn\u00e9 na\u0161emu Slunci, kter\u00e9 jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00e9 na to, aby je mohli podrobn\u011b zkoumat i v\u011bdci v pozemsk\u00fdch observato\u0159\u00edch.\u00a0V\u0161echny tyto informace dohromady jim pomohou objevovat planety a m\u011b\u0159it, jak jsou velk\u00e9 a jakou maj\u00ed hmotnost. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b velikosti a hmotnosti planety mohou v\u011bdci ur\u010dit, z \u010deho se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 a zda je skalnat\u00e1 jako Zem\u011b, nebo p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b plynn\u00e1 jako Jupiter. <\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b studia samotn\u00fdch hv\u011bzd pak m\u016f\u017ee Plato ur\u010dit jejich st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a vlastnosti, co\u017e v\u011bdc\u016fm pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mnohem p\u0159esn\u011bji porozum\u011bt planet\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 kolem nich ob\u00edhaj\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Plato pom\u016f\u017ee identifikovat nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kandid\u00e1ty na planety, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e9 Zemi. <\/p>\n

Vesm\u00edr pln\u00fd mo\u017enost\u00ed<\/h2>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tady se situace st\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u017divot, alespo\u0148 tak, jak jej ch\u00e1peme, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na k\u0159ehk\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1ze podm\u00ednek. Pot\u0159ebuje tekutou vodu, stabiln\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 slo\u017eky. Kdy\u017e v\u011bdci hledaj\u00ed \u017eivot mimo Zemi, \u010dasto za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee hledaj\u00ed planety, na nich\u017e by mohly existovat podobn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky. Proto je objev planet v obyvateln\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem. <\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika desetilet\u00edch objevili astronomov\u00e9 tis\u00edce exoplanet, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prok\u00e1zali, \u017ee planety jsou v cel\u00e9 Galaxii b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm jevem. Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e nen\u00ed hlavn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, zda tyto planety existuj\u00ed, ale kolik z nich by mohlo b\u00fdt podobn\u00fdch Zemi. Mise Plato pom\u016f\u017ee na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u011bd\u011bt vytvo\u0159en\u00edm podrobn\u00e9ho katalogu bl\u00edzk\u00fdch planet\u00e1rn\u00edch soustav. <\/p>\n

Existuje tedy je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed Zem\u011b? Odpov\u011b\u010f prozat\u00edm zn\u00ed: nev\u00edme. Poprv\u00e9 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva v\u0161ak m\u00e1me n\u00e1stroje, d\u00edky nim\u017e to m\u016f\u017eeme zjistit. <\/p>\n

N\u011bkde mezi hv\u011bzdami mo\u017en\u00e1 existuje mal\u00e1 skalnat\u00e1 planeta, kter\u00e1 ob\u00edh\u00e1 ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, m\u00e1 spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky a ti\u0161e krou\u017e\u00ed kolem sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. Sv\u011bt s oce\u00e1ny, oblohou a mo\u017en\u00e1 dokonce i \u017eivotem. D\u00edky misi Plato se k jej\u00edmu objevu p\u0159ibli\u017eujeme! <\/p>\n

\"Exoplanet

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Imagin\u00e1rium exoplanet<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We know that there are eight planets in our Solar System, but did you know that astronomers have discovered thousands of planets beyond our Solar System? These are called extra-solar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"esa_banner_image":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/var\/esa\/storage\/images\/esa_multimedia\/images\/2026\/04\/close-up_of_plato_s_cameras\/27212574-1-eng-GB\/Close-up_of_Plato_s_cameras.jpg","esa_banner_description":"Close-up of Plato\u2019s cameras","esa_banner_credit":"ESA","esa_banner_licence":"ESA Standard Licence","esa_banner_detail_url":"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/ESA_Multimedia\/Images\/2026\/04\/Close-up_of_Plato_s_cameras","esa_external_url":"","esa_external_new_window":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":true},"categories":[10,11,12],"tags":[2],"panel":[],"language":[],"age":[],"duration":[],"resource_type":[],"audience":[],"wf_post_folders":[],"class_list":["post-10","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-learn","category-our-universe","category-planets-and-moons","tag-background-article"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4257,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10\/revisions\/4257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"panel","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/panel?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"language","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/language?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"age","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/age?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"duration","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/duration?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"audience","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/audience?post=10"},{"taxonomy":"wf_post_folders","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kids.esa.int\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/wf_post_folders?post=10"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}